The True Story of IC 814: The Kandahar Hijack

The hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight IC 814, also known as the Kandahar hijack, remains one of the most dramatic and politically charged aviation crises of the late 20th century. Occurring in December 1999, this event not only captivated global attention but also had far-reaching implications for international diplomacy, counter-terrorism strategies, and regional security. This article explores the true story behind the IC 814 hijack, its causes, consequences, and the lessons learned from this harrowing episode.

The Hijacking

Flight IC 814 was a routine domestic flight operated by Indian Airlines, traveling from Kathmandu, Nepal, to New Delhi, India. On December 24, 1999, the aircraft, a Boeing 737, was en route to its destination when it was hijacked by five terrorists affiliated with the Pakistan-based militant group, Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM).

The terrorists, armed with weapons and explosives, took control of the plane shortly after takeoff. Their initial demand was for the aircraft to be diverted to Lahore, Pakistan. However, as the situation unfolded, their demands evolved, reflecting a more complex agenda.

Key moments of the hijacking include:

1. Diversion to Amritsar: After the initial demand for Lahore, the plane was diverted to Amritsar, India. This was a strategic move, as it allowed the hijackers to regroup and assess the situation. Negotiations began between the Indian authorities and the hijackers.
2. Diverting to Dubai: Following tense negotiations, the aircraft was allowed to depart Amritsar and was rerouted to Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Here, the hijackers’ demands became more specific and dangerous.
3. Final Destination – Kandahar: On December 25, the hijackers made their final demand: the aircraft be flown to Kandahar, Afghanistan. At this point, the hijackers’ demands included the release of several key militants imprisoned in India.

The Demands

The hijackers’ demands were primarily focused on the release of three individuals imprisoned in India:

1. Maulana Masood Azhar: A key figure in the Jaish-e-Mohammed, Masood Azhar was a central demand of the hijackers. His release was seen as critical to achieving the group’s objectives.
2. Ahmed Omar Sheikh: Also known as Sheikh Omar, he was involved in various terrorist activities and was another key figure whose release was demanded.
3. Maqbool Bhat: A prominent separatist leader from Jammu and Kashmir, Bhat’s release was also part of the hijackers’ demands.

The hijackers’ demands were not just about freeing individuals but were also symbolic of their broader political objectives, including the promotion of their ideological agenda and the destabilization of regional security.

The Negotiations and Release

The Indian government, led by then-Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and his team, faced an incredibly complex and dangerous situation. Negotiations were handled with extreme care, given the stakes involved and the potential risks to the passengers’ lives.

Key aspects of the negotiations included:

1. International Diplomacy: The crisis prompted extensive international diplomatic efforts. Countries like the United States and the United Arab Emirates were involved in facilitating negotiations and pressuring the hijackers.
2. Indian Government’s Dilemma: The Indian government faced a significant dilemma between negotiating with terrorists and the risk of setting a dangerous precedent. The decision to release the prisoners was highly controversial and met with widespread criticism both domestically and internationally.
3. Passenger Safety: The safety of the 155 passengers on board was the top priority. The government’s decision to release the prisoners was influenced by the need to ensure the immediate safety and release of the hostages.

On December 31, 1999, after extensive negotiations, the Indian government agreed to release the three terrorists in exchange for the passengers’ freedom. The plane was allowed to return to India, landing safely in Delhi. The terrorists were flown to a location of their choosing, marking the end of a harrowing 7-day ordeal.

Aftermath and Implications

The aftermath of the IC 814 hijacking had significant implications for India and the international community:

1. Political Fallout: The decision to release the prisoners was met with considerable backlash in India. Critics argued that it set a dangerous precedent and emboldened terrorist groups. The political ramifications were long-lasting and had a substantial impact on Indian domestic politics.
2. Security Measures: The hijacking led to a reevaluation of airport and aviation security protocols in India and globally. It highlighted vulnerabilities in airline security and prompted increased measures to prevent similar incidents.
3. Terrorism and Counterterrorism: The hijacking underscored the challenges of counter-terrorism efforts, especially in dealing with groups that operate across international borders. It also emphasized the need for international cooperation in combating terrorism.
4. Regional Tensions: The event contributed to the already tense relations between India and Pakistan, given the involvement of a Pakistan-based militant group. It also had implications for broader regional security dynamics.
5. Impact on Hostages: The psychological and emotional impact on the passengers and crew was profound. Many experienced long-term trauma, and the hijacking remains a significant event in their lives.

Conclusion

The hijacking of IC 814 was a dramatic and complex event that tested the limits of international diplomacy, aviation security, and counter-terrorism strategies. While the immediate goal of securing the release of the hostages was achieved, the broader consequences of the hijacking continue to resonate. It serves as a stark reminder of the challenges faced in addressing terrorism and the delicate balance between security and diplomacy. The lessons learned from the IC 814 hijacking continue to inform policies and practices in the ongoing global fight against terrorism.